Origin-of-Life

This paper reformulates the submarine alkaline hydrothermal theory for the origin of life, positing that life emerged as a free energy converter driven by specific geological disequilibria - specifically redox and pH gradients across inorganic precipitate membranes - utilizing hydrogen, methane, and CO2 as primary feedstocks.

A comprehensive phylogenomic study dating LUCA to ~4.2 Ga and reconstructing it as a complex, anaerobic acetogen. The authors apply the cross-bracing molecular clock method alongside gene-tree-species-tree reconciliation to infer that LUCA possessed an early immune system and lived within a hydrogen-recycling ecosystem.